Solid oxide fuel cells s olid oxide fuel cells sofcs offer a clean, lowpollution technology to electrochemically generate electricity at high efficiencies. Development of an optimized bilayer electrolyte with increased open circuit potential ocp and thus greater fuel efficiency for natural gas fueled, intermediate temperature it operation of 600c. Bazro3 electrolyte on porous anodic aluminum oxide substrate. Hightemperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st. Solid oxide fuel cells, like most other types, produce little pollution. High temperature sensors for monitoring and control of solid oxide fuel cells these sensors must be able to operate at high temperatures and harsh conditions, and innovations in sensor packaging and design are required to address the embedded sensing needs for these challenging environments. Fuel cells are characterized by their electrolyte material. Nanostructured solid oxide fuel cell electrodes nano letters. Pdf high temperature corrosion of metallic interconnects. Pdf highperformance ultrathin solid oxide fuel cells. The electrolyte is a dense ceramic, usually yttria stabilized zirconia ysz, which is an oxide ion conductor at elevated temperatures. Scheme of a sofc cell operating under electrolysis mode. A brief description of high temperature solid oxide fuel cell.
Abstractthe high operating temperature for solid oxide fuel cells sofcs is one of the major obstacles in the advancement and marketing of the fuel cell. Pdf modifying the cathodes of intermediatetemperature. Achievements and trends of solid oxide fuel cells in clean energy field. Because sofcs are made entirely of solid materials, they are not limited to the flat plane configuration of other types of fuel cells and are often designed as rolled tubes. High temperature carbon corrosion in solid oxide fuel.
Carbon materials for high temperature pem fuel cells high temperature pem fuel cell technology is currently the best option for achieving near emissionfree power for both stationary and automotive needs. High temperature solid oxide fuel cells fundamentals design. Efficiency is about 60 percent, and operating temperatures are about 1,000 c about 1,800 f. Hightemperature seals for solid oxide fuel cells sofc. High temperature solid oxide regenerative fuel cell for solar.
A highperformance cathode for the next generation of solidoxide fuel cells. Sofcs are the most efficient devices for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity, and have been gaining increasing attention for clean and efficient. Jun 16, 2000 the performance of a singlechamber solid oxide fuel cell was studied using a ceriabased solid electrolyte at temperatures below 773 kelvin. A brief description of high temperature solid oxide fuel. Solid oxide fuel cells an overview sciencedirect topics. The crystalline properties and thermal stabilities of a novel borosilicate glass gc9 developed at iner, have been investigated for use as high temperature seals in solid oxide fuel cells sofcs. Evaluation of solid oxide electrolytes with the pyrochlore. Materials for hightemperature oxygen reduction in solid. One of the upcoming fuel cell type, a sofc, has all the components in the solid phase, and is composed of nanoceramic composite materials, operates at elevated temperatures ranging from 800 c. Lowering the working temperature of sofc in the range 600 c800 c is under research to increase lifetime and to reduce operating cost.
Fuel cell charge exchange cathode material oxygen reduction solid oxide fuel cell these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. In general, all fuel cells have the same basic configuration an electrolyte and two electrodes. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. High temperature anode recycle blower for solid oxide fuel cell department of energy award no. Polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells also called proton exchange membrane fuel cells deliver high power density and offer the advantages of low weight and volume compared with other fuel cells.
Sofcs are the most efficient devices for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity, and have been gaining increasing attention for clean and efficient distributed power generation. Summary of fy 2015 accomplishments and results of redox fuel cells, inc. During the same period, nernst developed the hightemperature electrolyte zro 2 with 15% y 2 o 3, this being the basis for solid oxide electrolysis soec and solid oxide fuel cells sofc. Use of the solidphase electrolyte reduces corrosion and eliminates electrolyte management problems. These seals must function at high temperatures between 600 and 900 c and in the oxidizing and reducing environments of fuels and air. Solid oxide fuel cells illinois institute of technology. His research interests encompass solid oxide fuel cells, proton exchange and direct methanol fuel cells, and direct alcohol fuel cells. While tremendous progress has been achieved for pem fuel cells in the. Jun 27, 20 high operation temperature fuel cells allow internal reforming, promote rapid kinetics with nonprecious materials and offer high flexibilities in fuel choice, and are potential and viable candidate to moderate the fast increase in power requirements and to minimize the impact of the. But there are different types of fuel cells, classified primarily by the kind of electrolyte used. Conducting materials as electrolytes for solid oxide. Solid oxide fuel cells the national energy technology laboratory netl solid oxide fuel cell sofc team performs fundamental sofc technology.
Pdf high temperature solid oxide fuel cells fun dam en tals. With an hindex of 32, jiang has published over 180 journal papers, which have acrrued 3500 citations. The solid oxide fuel cell is composed of all solid components with the electrolyte acting as an oxide ion conductor and operating at high temperature a. Metal oxide nanocomposites as anode and cathode for low. A thermally selfsustained micro solidoxide fuelcell stack. Yaoyu ren, jingtao ma, desheng ai, qingfeng zan, xuping lin, changsheng deng. C anode recycle blower for 100 kwe sofc the prototype is complete and has been fully tested phase ii started on apr 1. Fc high performance polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrode structures. Hightemperature sensors for monitoring and control of solid. Crosscutting research division national energy technology laboratory netl j. High temperature corrosion issues for metallic materials. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs operate at elevated temperatures, generally above 800 c for the high temperature variant, and in the range 500800 c for intermediate temperature sofcs itsofcs. Highperformance solidoxide fuel cell cathodes based on.
Solid oxide fuel cell an overview sciencedirect topics. Low temperature solid oxide fuel cells with protonconducting y. Advances in low temperature coatings for solid oxide fuel cell components n. Among the different types of seals, the metalmetal seals can be readily fabricated using metal joining, soldering, and brazing. Hightemperature solid oxide fuel cells, 2nd edition. A highperformance cathode for the next generation of solid. High temperature solid oxide regenerative fuel cell for solar photovoltaic energy storage david j. The rational design of the electrodeelectrolyte interface plays a crucial role in expediting the oxygen reduction reaction orr kinetics of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells itsofcs. Abstract solid oxide fuel cells sofcs operating at high temperatures 800 c have been overlooked in the past for automotive applications. Solid oxide fuel cells the electrochemical society.
In the ethaneair fuel cell, the simultaneous generation of electricity and ethylene could be carried out without oxidizing ethylene into carbon dioxide. Pem fuel cells use a solid polymer as an electrolyte and porous carbon electrodes containing a platinum or platinum alloy catalyst. Current developments in sofcs focus on increasing the durability and lowering the cost of the system and the materials therein. Oxygen gets reduced at the cathode by taking electrons and gets ionized. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. High temperature seals for solid oxide fuel cells request pdf. Hightemperature solid oxide fuel cells, second edition, explores the growing interest in fuel cells as a sustainable source of energy. Swartza a nexceris llc, lewis center, ohio 43035, usa in the development of solid oxide fuel cells, high performance coatings are essential. In this book wellknown experts highlight cuttingedge research priorities and discuss the state of the art in the field of solid oxide fuel cells giving an update on specific subjects such as protonic conductors, interconnects, electrocatalytic and catalytic processes and modelling approaches. Hightemperature sofcs are effective in supporting electrode kinetics. As highly efficient energy conversion devices with negligible impact on environment, solid oxide fuel cells sofcs have received considerable attention recently as a keystone of the future energy economy. The high temperatures open the opportunity for cogenerationusing waste heat to generate steam for space heating, industrial processing, or in a steam turbine to make more electricity.
Bents lewis research center cleveland, ohio prepared for the 22nd intersociety energy conversion engineering conference cosponsored by the aiaa, ans, asme, sae, ieee, acs, and aiche philadelphia, pennsylvania, august 10 14, 1987. Solid oxide fuel cell sofc mainly focuses on yttriastabilized zirconia ysz ceramics due to rapid oxygen ion diffusion in nature even at higher temperature ranges of about 900oc. Department of energy hydrogen and fuel c\ ells program\r created date. Nowadays, low temperature electrolysis technology is available with at least. One of the best candidate for this purpose are micro solid oxide fuel cells sofcs which combine fuel flexibility, high efficiency and energy density up to 5 times the one of liion batteries 2. Department of energys 2019 hydrogen and fuel cells program annual. Drawing of a solid oxide cell solid oxide fuel cells sofc use a hard, ceramic compound of metal like calcium or zirconium oxides chemically, o 2 as electrolyte. Hightemperature anode recycle blower for solid oxide fuel. A functioning solid oxide fuel cell sofc may require all types of seals, such as metalmetal, metalceramic, and ceramicceramic. Advantages and disadvantages of solid oxide fuel cells. Recent advances in high temperature electrolysis using. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs are solidstate, hightemperature typically greater than.
High temperature anode recycle blower for solid oxide fuel. Pdf low temperature solid oxide fuel cells with proton. Pdf high temperature water electrolysis in solid oxide. High temperature ceramic heat exchanger for solid oxide. We employed metallic functional layers because of their high electrical conductivities and catalytic activities with respect to orr kinetics. These seals must function at high temperatures between 600 and. Pdf a solid oxide fuel cell sofc is typically composed of two porous. Solid oxide fuel cells sofc use a hard, ceramic compound of metal like calcium or zirconium oxides chemically, o 2 as electrolyte. Chemical and material processes occurring in high temperature environments are difficult to quantify due to a lack of experimental methods that can probe directly the species present. Pdf high temperature solid oxide fuel cells fun dam en.
A high performance sdcinfiltrated nanoporous silver cathode with superior thermal stability for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Basic operation of solid oxide fuel cell the high temperature fuel cell operates from 800 c to c. In 1951, the first commercially available high pressure electrolyser 30 bar was presented by lurgi. A solid oxide fuel cell or sofc is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel. Hightemperature solid oxide fuel cells based on yttriastabilized zirconia. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs use a solid material, most commonly a ceramic material called yttriastabilized zirconia ysz, as the electrolyte. High temperature water electrolysis in solid oxide cells.
High temperature carbon corrosion in solid oxide fuel cells. High temperature corrosion of metallic interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells. The performance of a singlechamber solid oxide fuel cell was studied using a ceriabased solid electrolyte at temperatures below 773 kelvin. Recent advances in high temperature electrolysis using solid oxide. Highperformance, ceriabased solid oxide fuel cells. A transformational energy conversion technology eric d. Rational design of a metallic functional layer for high. A brief description of high temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Fundamentals, design and applications by kevin kendall, michaela kendall and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Use of the solidphase electrolyte reduces corrosion and eliminates electrolytemanagement problems. The electrodereaction resistance was negligibly small in the. The rational design of the electrodeelectrolyte interface plays a crucial role in expediting the oxygen reduction reaction orr kinetics of intermediatetemperature solid oxide fuel cells itsofcs. Metal oxide nanocomposites as anode and cathode for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell.
Fc high performance non platinumgroupmetal transition metal oxide oxygen reduction reaction catalysts of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Journal of materials chemistry a 2018, 6 17, 73577363. The largest disadvantage is the high operating temperature. High temperature sofc does not need any precious catalyst for its operation. Hightemperature raman spectroscopy of solid oxide fuel. A solid oxide fuel cell is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel. High temperature solid oxide fuel cells, second edition, explores the growing interest in fuel cells as a sustainable source of energy. The electrolyte determines the kind of chemical reactions that take place in the fuel cell, the temperature range of operation, and other factors that. Investigation on mg and sc doped ceria for intermediate. An intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell with electrospun nanofiber cathode.
Findings from our expert interviews suggest that sofc systems will meet the. Study on zinc oxidebased electrolytes in lowtemperature. Thinfilm, metalsupported high performance, and durable proton solid oxide electrolyzer cell. With the reduction in solid oxide fuel cell sofc operating temperatures into the range 650800c, cost effective metallic materials, in particular high temperature oxidation resistant alloys. The text brings the topic of green energy front and center, illustrating the need for new books that provide comprehensive and practical information on specific types of fuel cells and their applications. Advantages of this class of fuel cells include high combined heat and power efficiency, longterm stability, fuel flexibility, low emissions, and relatively low cost. Solid oxide fuel cells the national energy technology laboratory netl solid oxide fuel cell sofc team performs fundamental sofc technology evaluation, enhances existing sofc technology and develops advanced sofc concepts in support of the u. A lowoperatingtemperature solid oxide fuel cell in.
These zro 2 based electrolyte requires high operating temperatures of 900 c in order to maintain high oxygen ionic conductivity. High temperaturetype proton conductive solid oxide fuel. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs operate at elevated temperatures, generally above 800 c for the hightemperature variant, and in the range 500800 c for intermediate temperature sofcs itsofcs. Hightemperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century. High temperature anode recycle blowers for solid oxide fuel cell. Recent advances in high temperature electrolysis using solid. In this letter, raman spectroscopy is shown to be capable of identifying insitu and noninvasively changes in material properties as well as the formation and disappearance of molecular species on surfaces at. Ethane, carbon monoxide and ethanol were used as the fuel. High temperature anode recycle blower for solid oxide fuel cell. A functioning solid oxide fuelcell sofc may require all types of seals, such as metalmetal, metalceramic, and ceramicceramic.
Sofc cathode, and the electrochemical reduction of o2. Advances in medium and high temperature solid oxide fuel cell. Pdf design of a high temperature solid oxide fuel cell. Nanomaterials and technologies for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Solid oxide fuel cells are not suitable for powering small portable devices, mainly because if built small, they need heat input to keep them running. Advances in low temperature coatings for solid oxide fuel. Molten carbonate fuel cells mcfcs are high temperature fuel cells that use an electrolyte composed of a molten carbonate salt mixture suspended in a porous, chemically inert ceramic lithium aluminum oxide matrix. This chapter discusses the advantages of solidoxide fuel cells sofc powerplant systems, disadvantages of sofcs, and design of the closedend tubular sofc. High temperature solid oxide fuel cells fun dam en tals, desig and apdirations.
The electrolyte is a dense ceramic, usually yttria stabilized zirconia ysz, which is an oxide ion conductor at. Defe0027895 prepared for doe by mohawk innovative technology, inc. High temperature solid electrolyte fuel cells using. Modifying the cathodes of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells with a ce0. They require much higher loadings of expensive platinum catalyst than other types of fuel cells do, which raises the cost. Advances in medium and high temperature solid oxide fuel cell technology. According to the paper a high performance cathode for the next generation of solid oxide fuel cells, published in nature, a new cathode material for reduced temperature sofc operation is presented. Ionic conducting composite as electrolyte for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells functional materials division, kth, 2010 i abstract solid oxide fuel cells sofcs are considered as one of the most promising power generation technologies due to their high energy conversion efficiency, fuel flexibility and reduced pollution. Advanced cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells materials.
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